
宾语从句的时态使用需结合主句时态及从句表达内容的具体性质,以下是对宾语从句在不同时态中用法的详细归纳:
一、主句为一般现在时
从句时态:从句时态灵活,可根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:
- She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.(她说她从周一至周五上班。从句是一般现在时)
- He says he is reading a book.(他现在正在读书。)或He says he will finish the work.(他说他会完成工作。从句是一般将来时)
二、主句为过去时态
从句时态:从句需用过去时态的某种形式,但客观真理例外。
具体用法:
- 主句动作与从句动作同时发生:用一般过去时。例如,She thought he was busy.(她认为他很忙。)
- 从句动作先于主句动作:用过去完成时。例如,He realized he had forgotten the keys.(他意识到他忘了钥匙。)
- 从句动作晚于主句动作:用过去将来时。例如,They promised they would come.(他们承诺他们会来。)
例句:
- He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.(他说昨天下午没有课。从句是一般过去时)
- He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.(他说他会去照看这个婴儿。从句是过去将来时)
客观真理:即使主句为过去时态,从句表示客观真理时,也只用一般现在时。
- 例句:The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.(老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。)或He said that light travels much faster than sound.(他说光比声音传播得快。)
三、虚拟语气
用法:当从句内容与事实相反时,需用虚拟语气结构。
具体用法:
- 与现在事实相反:从句用过去时(be动词统一用were)。例如,I wish I were taller.(我希望我更高一些。)
- 与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时。例如,He acted as if he hadn’t heard the news.(他表现得好像他没听到这个消息。)
四、注意事项
- 否定转移:当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。例如,I don't think he is going to help you with your English.(我认为他不会帮你学英语的。)
- 形式宾语:当宾语从句有它的补语时,宾语从句可用it代替,从句后置。其句型为:主语+谓语+it+补语+宾语从句。例如,I think it necessary that we learn English grammar.(我认为我们学习英语语法是必要的。)
综上所述,宾语从句的时态使用需结合主句时态及从句表达内容的具体性质进行灵活调整。
